Ahhh, I see. How cool is thatImagine a 3-jaw chuck that has an internal 4-jaw chuck in the back that latches on to the adapter plate. You loosely bolt the chuck body to the adapter plate with the mounting bolts just barely snug. Then you put something like a ground rod in the 3-jaw chuck jaws, put an indicator on that and adjust the four set screws on the back of the 3-jaw body to zero the runout of the whole assembly. When you've got it zeroed, tighten the bolts mounting the chuck to the adapter plate.
It's not perfect as the zero is really only for the diameter ground rod you just used, but it tends to be very close at other diameters as well...like a couple of thousandths. If needed, you can zero the chuck to a different diameter. I tend to zero mine for something around 1" as that's a good middle ground for most of my work.
This is an 8" Buck True Adjust chuck with a matching Buck adapter plate next to it...you can see how they fit together. The critical thing is that there's a gap between the inside recess of the chuck and the hub on the adapter plate and that the nose of the hub doesn't touch the back of the chuck...you want the chuck essentially floating on the face of the adapter only.
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I didn't explain it clearly. I was talking about the difference in depth of the counterbore in the back of the chuck vs. the length of the protrusion of the back plate that the adjusting screws bear against, not the difference in diameter of the counterbore and the diameter of the protrusion. My point is that it is better to have a gap than to risk the chuck hitting the protrusion before the mounting face of the chuck meets the back plate.This seems to be a topic of great debate, in both directions. Several manufacturers specify a total of .008" which really only gives .004" in any direction, and seems quite lot to me. Others have a range .007 to .012" which is more reasonable. Others call for .020" and if you listen to some of the CNC folks they run upwards of 1/8" clearance. The last couple I've done I went with around .020" and it's been fine.
The one thing people need to check is that the clearance doesn't exceed the available travel of the adjusting screws. The adjusting screws and the boss on the adapter plate aren't really doing anything once the chuck is secured to the backing plate, so the clearance between the chuck and the boss shouldn't really matter.
Edit to add: I just came in from the shop and curiosity got to me. I have an 8" Buck True Adjust and matching Buck adapter plate (pictured below) that isn't being used so I measured the ID/OD on them. The OD of the hub is exactly .030" smaller than the ID of the chuck recess. I have no idea if it came that way from Buck or not, but thought it was worth checking.
I don't think you give up much, if anything, when you're talking about a 4J independent chuck that's direct mount. After all, you're going to zero it out with an indicator each time, so any little error from the mounting setup will get adjusted away.Starting to think about getting an 8" 4 jaw chuck. My shoulders aren't as good as they used to be so weight is a concern. Is there any disadvantage to using a direct mount chuck compared to a plain back with a back plate?
The above mentioned 6" 3 jaw and back plate is close to 40 pounds. That's about my upper comfort limit for handling things at chest height. Beyond that I would consider a small shop built crane mounted to the lathe. A Shars 8" 4 jaw direct D1-4 weighs about 31 pounds. The plain back chuck with a back plate is about 48 pounds; quite a bit heavier and I'm only getting older.
Did you grind the chuck jaws.The chuck on the lathe I purchased recently seems pretty much worn out. One time I chuck up the shank of a 3/4" end mill I get .007" runout, the next time I tightened very carefully and got .0045 and usually get about .020 runout, measured with a Fowler Verdict DTI. The spindle itself has .0002 or less runout and the OD of the chuck has under .002" runout. The jaws are very loose in the chuck body. It's probably a cheap Chinese chuck anyway so not worth spending money on it.
The items I've purchased from Shars seem to be decent for the money. Has anyone had experience with their chucks? Thinking about this one. https://www.shars.com/6-3-jaw-self-centering-scroll-lathe-chucks-d1-4-reversible-jaws
For precision work I will use collets or a 4 jaw chuck.
The jaws of the old chuck are very loose in the body of the chuck. Grinding wouldn't have fixed the problem.Did you grind the chuck jaws.
This something needed to be done ever few years in some shops.
The chuck jaws will wear little more on one side and you need to fix the problem
I only replace a chuck if scroll bearing is worn
Dave