Beefing up an axle- what methods could i use?

Like Chris, I don't think there will be a problem if you just redo the rear subframe to put the pillow blocks out near the inner flanges.
Most pedal powered trikes use 5/8" or 15mm axles. 3/4" is over twice as strong in bending or torsion than 5/8" and 2.6 times as strong as 15mm. Most tadpole trikes, even tandems, use 12mm front axles but they are made of better metal.
The weight of the wheels isn't a significant issue as they are supported by the ground.

Forget differentials. Have the motor drive one wheel and the pedals drive the other. If you get torque steer, reduce trail (AKA Caster).

All that being said, I think the axle will bend if you don't move the pillow blocks.

BTW I'm a retired engineer and ran a Human Powered Vehicle club whose members built over 4oo machines over 20 years. I've pretty much seen it all.

BTW2 I have a pair of deltas on the drawing board, but I'm aiming for under 35 lbs. total weight
 
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