The different letter nomenclature refers to the thickness of the spine at the back of the broach. An "A" broach has a 1/8" wide spine, a "B" broach has a 3/16" wide spine, a "C" broach has 3/8" wide spine, a "D" broach has a 9/16" wide spine, …...
Here's a link to a chart giving the dimensions of various keyway broach sizes:
www.carbideanddiamondtooling.com
I would suggest first measuring the existing keyway in the brass gear that came with the power feed. The one in mine was not 1/8". It was slightly smaller. I didn't measure it, but I did try to fit a 1/8" key into it and the slot was too narrow. I would also measure the existing keyway in your leadscrew. It's possible the previous owner used an undersized key in a full size keyway.
In my case I was able to broach a full length 1/8" keyway in both my new 2" 6061
ALUMINUM coupling, and enlarge the keyway in the brass gear. I used a standard 1/8" "B" broach and collared bushing. While the bushing was shorter than the coupling I was able to complete the job. The first pass was without any shims. The second pass was with a single shim. Even though the bushing wasn't full length the broach did remove a slight amount of material the entire length.
I then turned the coupling upside down and reinserted the bushing from that end. I aligned the bushing and broach with the slot created by the previous passes, and ran the broach through the coupling with no shim installed. I repeated the process using a single shim.
I once again turned the coupling with the original side up and ran the broach through using 2 shims. I turned the bushing one more time and repeated the process.
The process worked flawlessly on a soft 6061
ALUMINUM coupling, but I'm not sure I'd try it on a steel coupling. It's quite likely the broach would break or load up. Keep in mind the recommended maximum length keyway an 1/8" broach is designed for is 1 1/8".
As for the brass gear I used the same process to enlarge the keyway to 1/8"
Your broach set is a size "00". That's not the size of the broaches themselves, but rather the selection of the broaches included in that particular set. Dumont makes many different sets ranging from "00" (the smallest) to the most complete one number "100"
duMont CNC is a brand of Pilot Precision that makes CNC Broaches, Indexable Broaches, Industrial Broaches, Rotary Broaches and Keyway Broaches.
dumont.com
ON EDIT: I used a "B" broach rather than an "A" broach. I changed the text to reflect the broach size I actually used.