Consider the age of that water heater. I know it works, but from 2009? Nobody was building heirloom quality appliances at that time.
You mentioned it's outdoors. How "outdoors" is it? Does that mean no floods in the house if it fails? No fires in the house if it fails? No gas in the house if it fails? Those questions should be answered as you make decisions on how far to go with it. I don't like throwing out working stuff, but there has to be some practicality, and some "big picture" in that consideration. Trying to make products last as long as they can is a very good thing, and a good decision. But when they're designed to a finite life span, sometimes you've got to call it even though it "could" be fixed.
Pilot lights are such a small oriface, they're VERY prone to getting gunked up, depending on the gas source and the pipework. Even if your gas is piped in. Things change. You could be getting a little extra shmoo from a pipeline project 500 miles away, fifteen years ago. Don't rule it out.
Thermocouples have a finite life span, they "drift" out of calibration. A truly failed one can fail in a lot of ways, not unheard of is to fail when they're quite hot, but seem OK on the workbench
Or just blowing out? Those little "sight windows" do get a little crusty with time, but if you really can't see through it it all, they're not "that" bad in my experience. You mentioned wind and weather not seeing extremes, but where/how does it get it's air. Has anything changed lately? Exhaust gasses swirling inside there from a "funny" draft will absolutely wreck one of those windows in no time flat. Not melted or anything (the safeties will shut it down before that, or the whole arrangement burns down), but it dries them up like they'd been sitting out in the sun for 30 years. Has anything changed? Vent covers/screens where the air comes in? New buildings on the property within a few hundred feet, things stored near it that weren't before? Things moved away from it? Changes to the (roof jack?) or however you've plumbed the exhaust out? Anything that could change how the air hits it?