Well My conclusion on "locking on a threaded chuck " idea is this ....
to me it is my humble opinion that it is far easier to drill a hole through the chuck back plate and into the spindle.
go through the spindle wall, into the inner through hole of the spindle
and if your going to do this you just as well use a big enough bolt to be worth doing..... I'm thinking 3/8" for the smoothed down trimmed end of the bolt that will set in that hole in the spindle bore probably a grade 8 bolt should be used ....
my idea would be to take a grade 8 bolt probably the size that fits a 1/2" end wrench or 9/16".... drill the hole through the chuck back plate, and touch the spindle take the chuck off and check where that hole would be.... making sure it doesn't interfere with the chuck register or threads....
i was thinking a 1/16" drill for this exploratory surgery (as there may not be enough room to do this without messing up the entire spindle !)
the hole will no doubt be back as far as physically possible, and still have room for the threads to be tapped into the back plate
no doubt a allen headed bolt would be a good choice here as milling a flat area on the back plate for the tapped hole...
the hole in the spindle wouldn't need to be any larger than the end of the bolt/pin but, it needs to go all the way through so it does not bottom out in the hole and twist the chuck out of true.
it's possible that if the chuck register is in the way on the spindle and where the hole resides, and that it could be done in front of the register... near the end of the threads.....but that is not my first choice....i am fairly certain there is room behind the register for a hole there.
this method would lock the chuck on in either direction as the only way to get it off without taking the bolt/pin out is to sheer the bolt off.
and with all the torque developed in the lathe in back gears that could be a problem so a big enough bolt/pin to handle that torque should be used
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Myself I would want the bolt to go all the way down and set on a lock washer, but you could use a longer bolt and put a locking nut on it....
though how you would turn that locking nut is another problem... maybe with a crow foot on an extension....but space is very limited between the chuck and headstock.
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Yes that means drilling a hole in the super expensive spindle... and that in itself may well take a carbide drill bit !
but if it fixes a dangerous problem on the lathe I am all for it
.... putting another chuck and backing plate on the lathe and marking where that hole needs to be in the backplate of the new chuck would have to be approached very cautiously ! no doubt ! perhaps sprey paint inside the hole through the chuck and using a flexible tube, sprey the hole ...would mark it on the inside....of the back plate...... i dunno... that is problematic at best.
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As long as the pin is centered in the hole it will not exert any misalignment to the chuck.
however, if all of a sudden your run out changes drastically the chuck probably tried to come off .... pull the bolt/pin and tighten the chuck and put the bolt/pin back in. it's there to prevent the chuck coming off and landing on your foot or worse ... that heavy thing spinning at 300 rpm could do a person a lot of damage before all is said and done if it came off there and got ya !
....... it's not the ultimate cure to the problem, but may well be able to stop the chuck coming off in reverse.
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Myself, I will wait and see if it needs this modification or not.... so far I've not had a problem threading in reverse with my chuck coming off.
.....i hope I am just worried about nothing !
Bob.........