You don't need neutral for the fan to work, you just need a potential difference between the two wires. In the US, you have a split phase that gives you 120V to neutral from each of the wires but this is more of an exception than the rule. In most countries with 220-240V, you have one of the wires at (or near) ground and the other at 220-240V. The end result is the same, though: the fan sees 240V at its terminals. As others have said, it is a good idea to connect the frame to ground (NOT neutral.)