This research paper says the opposite.
New steels with different carbon contents were self-developed by thermo-mechanical controlled processing. The effects of the carbon content and the microstructure on the corrosion properties of new steels were investigated by immersion test and SEM. The results indicated that the ferrite phase...
link.springer.com
There are so many variables when it comes to corrosion that it is hard to compare. There are research papers that show cold rolled corrodes faster than hot rolled, so that could even be the difference between one showing corrosion, and one not. For most of us, we are concerned with atmospheric corrosion of off the shelf steels, and there is not that much difference within the same group of steels that I would put that as a significant consideration. Any carbon steel component should be protected from the environment, so I would be more interested in if one steel is better with my preferred surface coating vs another. I believe carbon steels won’t corrode when the relative humidity is less than about 70%, I’m not certain of the number, but if one bar was stored at a higher humidity level for a period of time than another, you could see some differences as well.
Finger prints on some people are very acidic and known to cause corrosion problems, just touching bare steel will cause it to corrode right away, but on another day, those same fingers may not be as acidic, so there could be a difference. Maybe it depends on your diet as well? It could be as simple as one day the humidity was high, and on another day it wasn’t. I honestly don’t know, my skin is not acidic enough to cause corrosion problems, so only know what I have read on this issue.