see no need for the shaft to be hard, regular cold rolled steel will be quite adequate for the use; no way, I would try to cut that thread with a hand die, it is assured to go crooked, having the threads cut in a lathe is the way to go, it should not take a able person more than perhaps 15 minutes to cut the threads, especially if 14TPI.
Make friends with someone with a larger latheAnybody have any suggestions on how I can get this done relatively inexpensively?
He said it was a shaft of polishing wheels.So you're making a turnbuckle ?This is getting more technical each post . Sounds like shaft for rod ends .
Wish I was closer, would help you with it!One end will need to be left hand thread.
Martin