For an Atlas horizontal mill, I have used some older (new old stock) 3/8 square headed bolts for clamps. With a few caveats. . . First, I do light work on softer metal, usually non-ferrous. Then the machine is small, but very well made. The bolts are not hardware store stock, they are from an industrial supplier locally. There aren't any grade markings, but they seem to be closer to Gr. 5 than hardware store stock. The bolts are "black iron", I guess a form of steel. They are threaded full length, not just the tips.
Interestingly, the heads of the bolts fit the slots of the Atlas very well as is. And the heads leave a little space below when drawn up. Many times the bolts have been trimmed (cut) and the threads dressed to allow for tight tolerances. I have several "jobs" where the stock is fastened directly to the table. They are not used very often, but when I do, they hold well enough.
I have a "set" of "T" nuts, studs, and nuts. They work well enough and get used for most applications. But occasionally I run into tight quarters where the parts are just too large. I have had "ex spurts" advise against using bolts, but sometimes you do what you gotta do.
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