I'm anxious to help if I can. I still very much like the original worksheet that VTCNC posted (attached) with maybe some refinements from the other suggestions. If someone gave me that when I was getting started, it would have saved a ton of time getting to a suggestion that was actually within a range of suitable options. At the time I got a lot of brand-name specific recommendations ("Grizzly is the greatest") and suggestions for everything from a 7x10 to a 16x40. Tons of advice that was heavily skewed with confirmation bias, and without a lot of thought as to the issues brought up in the attached worksheet.
I'm a bit confused of what to make of this (just quoting your post as this is the most recent modification of the earlier).
If it is to come up with some magic number that translates to "the one" how? From David's follow up it sounds like this is not the case.
If this is just criteria to think about, then why use this format which seems overly complex. Why not just take each of these categories and put into a paragraph or two explaining the basics of how things are rated (what is swing and how is it different from the in my opinion, far more useful swing over the carriage) and go from there.
When I took a welding class one of the really helpful things covered in class was how to evaluate a welders specs.
A common thing that I see when people are asking about a lathe to buy is a lack of understanding how to look at specs and compare between two machines. It could be helpful to take a spec sheet from a lathe and break it down step by step explaining what these mean.
Some specs can be unintentionally deceiving, for example foot print and the full actual space required are generally not the same, with the foot print often several inches smaller. This could be a critical factor when trying to squeeze in the biggest machine possible.
Similarly the nominal size (9x20) vs the actual size are frequently rounded (often up, but sometimes down), taking the common 10x22 size, some are a true 10" swing, some are only 9-1/2".
The very common 9x20 is listed as a 9x20 by Jet and a 9x19 by Grizzly. Same lathe and both are accurate measurements, Grizzly sells their version with a slightly longer live center so 19" between center, Jet sells their with a dead center giving 20". Both are also in reality an 8.75" swing, so reading the specs matters if you are buying with the assumption that the nominal size is the actual size.
Bed width is rarely discussed, but but this is what makes many 11" lathes much heavier than a 10" and the 14" much heavier than 12-13" lathes. Where a manufacturer increases bed width can make a significant difference between two "same size" lathes.
Rambling a bit now...