I would guess the bridgeport is not the problem, it is more than beefy enough to turn those cutters, try another arbor, the round shaft that is on the cutter is causing the problem, the ones I use typically have 8 sides {?}. You should be able to go to any hardware store, lowes, homedepot and pick up one for 10.00 dollars or so that will work fine for those hole saws. Lennox brand are good ones, they have 2 different arbor sizes, they screw into the hole saw cutter. My guess they will work with one of them. I have boxes of lennox cutters I have used or new laying around here, Also 1/2 dozen or so arbors of different makes and sizes.
HTH
Those cutters look like beasts!!! Take care of them, I'm jealous!
Rich