Sorry to see that happen but it underscores the point we've all been trying to make to the OP - best not to get abrasives anywhere on your machine and especially on purpose.
We have a grinder right next to that same lathe .
As for mounting the grind wheel in the spindle I would need you to explain the set up you would use in detail. I can't imagine one that would be practical for most of the knives and tools I have to sharpen.chuck up a grinding wheel, put the tool in some type of tool post, and, running the machine at a slow speed, use the lead screw/cross slide to create a perfectly straight precision edge or better yet compound edges?