I think on a big lathe there is not a lot of difference from parting from the front or rear apart from the fact that with rear parting the tool is upside down and the swarf can fall away easily.
On a smaller lathe it depends on how the bearings are set up.
On a Myford ML7 for example rear parting puts downwards pressure on the spindle which pushes it into the headstock casting which is nice and solid.
Front parting pushes the spindle up and into the top bearing caps which are held in place with 4 bolts.
OK for most things but not as solid as pushing down.
The same difference in performance will be noticed when using form tools.
They work better if mounted upside down and brought in from the back. Lathe runs same way for both.
On a smaller lathe it depends on how the bearings are set up.
On a Myford ML7 for example rear parting puts downwards pressure on the spindle which pushes it into the headstock casting which is nice and solid.
Front parting pushes the spindle up and into the top bearing caps which are held in place with 4 bolts.
OK for most things but not as solid as pushing down.
The same difference in performance will be noticed when using form tools.
They work better if mounted upside down and brought in from the back. Lathe runs same way for both.