Assuming the above is correct, I'd get a package of these from Harbor Freight, and cut a slot in the nub sticking out. If you cut into the carb body a little, don't sweat it. These discs are thin, which is what you want, because the screw is small diameter.
Next, find a screwdriver that's a TIGHT fit. Grind one if you have to. The fit must be tight. Once you get that accomplished, turn the screw both ways; in and out. The idea is to get the screw to move a little. Use your penetrating lube, and heat, as needed. Once you get the screw to move, rock it back and forth; in and out, working towards getting it out of course. DON'T force it, or you will bugger the slot. Back and forth, pent lube, and heat, again and again, until you slowly work the screw out.
I've done this dozens of times before while restoring old carbs. As long as you have a nice tight fitting screwdriver, and a solid slot, the old nub/screw will come out.