I did get one of the chinese microscopes that will output to a screen but have had trouble with their software, so haven't gotten it working yet.
The Gelbart solution was an automobile backup camera/screen, and those are OK, but the camera has to be
refocusable for closeup (hard to find that feature through internet merchants), and those are all
composite video (so, 320 x 240 is a typical resolution). You also have to supply power and deal with
a jumble of cables/connectors. It's an oldschool analog video camera/display, but all the
modern displays are digital, with no camera-suitable inputs, so you need the 'special' analog
one from the auto backup solution. Mostly, the backup (and doorbell-cam) videocams are very
wide-angle, which isn't optimum.
USB cams require, alas, very smart monitors (basically, a PC). As you've seen, not all cams are
suitable for all computer/OS setups. Bootup time, power usage, complexity argues against that,
but I've got an iMac and Firewire camera sitting on the shelf, so... maybe that'll happen.
A good snapshot camera that has mini-DVI or displayport output, and a monitor, would be nearly ideal.
Zoom, focus, megapixel resolution, even good color rendition. Alas, when I connect my Canon
Powershot SX230 DVI output to my Asus display, I find that it doesn't do the right thing- screen
just stays blank. Maybe you have to record and then playback? Or read the manual to find a few
extra settings to make magic happen? It's gonna take a menu seek-and-coerce operation
every time I hit the switch, unless it just CAN'T work.