Interesting discussion... I rebuilt a Buffalo 15 floor mount DP years ago and loved it. Great machine. I've got another one now - beat up, abused, and tired - sitting in the shop waiting it's turn to come back to life. So this is a very good discussion, particularly your photos showing components.
So, thinking, another option to repair your taper is simply take the spindle to a shop and just have them grind a new, good taper on the existing end. The process would involve removing a little material along the existing damaged taper until you reach good material all around - removing maybe not more than .030 or so. then face off the end to comply with the minimum diameter measurement needed to mount a new chuck. Grinding produces a smoother finish, resulting in less run out than turning with a lathe. This would shorten the quill by a few thousands, but that is negligable and you would never notice the difference once reassembled.
In any event, one other thing you can do is put the existing spindle, as is, on a pair of centers and run a dial indicator along the length. This will tell you if the spindle is tweaked off the axis or not, and by how much...