I assume your Dad's machine must be a 10F. When Atlas came out with the 10F, they changed the Model Number format from four digits and a letter (except on the back geared ones) to one or two letters and two digits. So 1036 for original early back geared 10x18, 1054 for the original early back geared 10x36, etc., and according to the catalogs, also 1036...1054 for the 10D, 1054A, 1054B, 1054C and 1054E for those stripped-down models. The serial numbers of 40% of the ten known 10D's in the database have a "D" prefix and about two spaces between it and the numbers. We have one known to me machine (without back gears or carriage or countershaft) with an "A" prefix which must be a 1048A. Of the reported 10D's that have a "D" prefix, all are also reported to have an "S" suffix, which we have never figured out.
The model number syntax for the 10F's was changed to (d)dnn as in V36 (babbit bearings, vertical countershaft, 36" bed), TH54 (Timken bearings, horizontal countershaft, 54" bed), etc. The syntax for the serial numbers also apparently changed, with the prefix (where reported) being either "V" or "H". And again, those 10F's with a reported prefix also have a reported "S" suffix (still unknown).
My current assumption is that some10" machines with no reported prefix or suffix probably have them but the owner didn't key them in for whatever reason. I also think that around 1940 or 41, the prefixes and suffixes for the serial numbers were discontinued.