MF294,
You can either replace that 36 tooth with a 45 tooth or replace the 45 tooth with 36 tooth gear.
Or, put the tumbler in the 10 pitch selector and see if that cuts a 8-pitch thread.
The way the the apron is designed on the Sheldon Sebastin lathe you can engage the feed lever but not at the same time, but in 8 pitch slector it only feeds .060"/rev., if the end gearing is correct. There is a mechanical interlock that prevents both from engaging at the same time. With the gear combination mentioned, 6-pitch makes sense. He is not engaging the feed lever to get 8-pitch!!!
Oh, I forgot to mention the fiber gear, it is no longer available from B & C unless you want to pay $$$$$ for them to make one. The original fiber gear is made of Micarta, there has been several that have made them from Delrin and even aluminum. A replacement does not have to be made of Micarta, casr iron or steel is just fine. I suspect the reasons for the fiber gear is to "quiten" the gear train and make this the "weakest link" of the gear train. The gear is a common gear pitch, 16-pitch, either 14-1/2 or 20 deg pressure angle. They can easily be made if a person has a mill and a dividing head available to cut the gear teeth. I do not know of any "used" ones out there.