The price will have less to do with brand than with precision level. Nachi makes 20$ bearings and 1000$ bearings in the same size. So do all of the other manufacturers.
They all have factories in Japan, China, the US and many other countries. As long as it's a reputable manufacturer, it doesn't matter so much which manufacturer it is.
Choose the precision level your willing to pay for, then worry about the brand. FAG, NSK, Timken, SKF, Nachi all produce everything from the bearings in your blender, to the turbine bearings in a Leer45.
There is a spacer between the two angular contact bearings. I cannot recall how these were when I dismantled them should they be pressed together so that the spacer is tight between the two bearings?
Yes, that's the only thing that would make sense. If there were any space between the spacer and outer races, an outer race could slip, and your inner race would lose its preload.
Make sure you put the new bearings in the correct direction.
I believe that in a spindle configuration like yours, the "back to back" configuration is correct.
The spacer gives them the correct seperation distance.
The back-to-back configurations means that axial forces acting upward on the spindle, such as drilling, puts the axial load on the lower bearing.
A force pulling downward on the spindle, would put the axial load on the upper bearing.
You can see how the axial forces would be transmitted at an angle from the inner race, through the rollers, into the outer race, by the shape of the raceways.
If you can get a new spindle with a known R8 configuration then that would be the best way to go. Given how important an accurate spindle taper is, why mess with boring or home-grinding it?
You packed the bearings in post 195 with waay too much grease. Spindle bearings only require 25-30% of the bearing be packed with grease. During run in, the grease will distribute properly. Over greasing bearings will make them run too hot and may lead to premature failure.
I understand trying to save money but given that an accurate spindle will improve tool life, accuracy and finishes, it is poor economy to go with a wonky spindle and cheap bearings.
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