So you want to get at that gear that meshes with the rack when you crank the carriage left/right? That's in the apron, which is the front piece below the front of the saddle. The apron is held onto the saddle by the flat-head screws on the top of the saddle front.
But inside the apron, the lead screw is captive inside the worm gear. You need to pull the lead screw out. But the lead screw is held into the gearbox by a gear inside the gearbox. So you will need to remove the gearbox with lead screw attached, and then pull the lead screw out of the apron.
I highly recommend getting the book "A Guide to Renovating the South Bend Lathe Models 10L 13 14-1/2 16" which you can get from Amazon and eBay. It shows you how to remove and reassemble these parts. You can also get it with the rebuild kit which includes replacement felts for internal lubrication. I know that when I pulled mine apart, most of the felts were broken and had fallen out, and some of the shaft journals were already damaged. So I replaced all the felts to fix that problem.
Good luck!
John