I suspect it may be a clock wheel depthing tool (for cutting wheel / gear teeth to depth) to be fitted to a wach/clock maker's lathe - if so, the gear and its shaft are supported between the centres, and the teeth are cut to equal depths by rotating the gear to each cut position (by hand and eye) and lifting the bar against the "stop" formed by the end of the slot in the flat plate link, advancing the gear against a cutter held in the lathe centres - early clock gears were often cut by hand and despite working well were surprisingly innacurate! After depthing, the tooth forms would be filed by hand - a chap I work with still makes gears this way to repair old (Victorian and earlier) clocks.
Just my ha'pennorth,
Dave H. (the other one)