The book is "Foundations of Mechanical Accuracy" by Wayne Moore. It is an incredibly fascinating book showing the history of increasing accuracy both from scientific and from practical aspects. I was able to download the book from the internet, but I cannot seem to find the free download now. It is $150 from Moore tools. It is well worth finding and reading a copy. After you read it you will never be able to hear a machinist say "perfect" when they measure a part without biting your tongue. T'aint no such thing...
Edit: The book also shows how those machines, and others, were designed and built. It also talks at length about accuracy standards, their evolution, and how they were made and stored.