I threw together another thread to talk about how things work for both reversing mechanisms, and diametral pitches. You can see that over
here if you are interested, but I'll summarize that here.
The basic formula is the number of teeth on the gear plus two, and divide the resulting number by the diameter of the gear in inches. As an example, my south bend "junior" had a 16-tooth gear on the stud for regular turning. That gear was 1.125" in diameter. It means that 16 teeth, plus two (which is 18), divided by 1.125, comes out to "16". A 32 tooth gear had the diameter of 2.125", which means (32 + 2) / 2.125 = 16.
"A" is the spindle gear, "B" is the reversing mechanisms, "C" is the stud gear for threading using change gears, "D" is the idler", and "E" is the screw gear. "C", "D", and "E" are easily swappable for threading. The others are not. These three gears are all going to be the same gear pitch, which is 16 on mine. "A" and "B" have to be the same gear pitch as each other as well, but those are 18 pitch. What is inside the gear box, I'm not sure, but they all need to be the same pitch as each other as well.
Hopefully, this helps.