Jman,
First, although some of the part numbers don't quite compute, your machine, or at least the headstock and tailstock, is an Atlas/Craftsman 12". not an Atlas 10". Of the metal working screw cutting lathes that Atlas built, all of the 9" and 10" had a lead screw reversing gearbox attached to the front of the bed right below the front of the headstock. All of the 12" (and all of the 6") had a tumbler style FWD/OFF/REV selector mounted on the left end of the headstock toward the front. When you move the lever up or down from center, one or the other of the small gears that also move are meshed with the 32T gear on the left end of the spindle. In the center position, neither gear touches the 32T. Plus part numbers beginning with L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 (more or less in order of age or vintage) are all for the 12" models. Place a flat bar or straight edge (rule) across the ways right under the spindle. Measure the vertical distance from the center of the spindle to the straight edge. That measurement plus the thickness of the straight edge should be about 6-1/8".
I think, from what you have now written, that your machine is a 101.07380, made in late 1935 or early 1936. For a photo of it, go to DOWNLOAD, click where it says "click here, scroll down slightly and click on the next "click here". Then select Atlas.... and finally Atlas/Craftsman Catalogs. Download the 1936 Craftsman Power Tools Catalog. Look on page 28 (catalog page 26) for a photo and description. Don't drool over the price too much.
Next, go to Atlas/Craftsman Lathes and then Manuals. Download the parts list for the Craftsman 101.07382 Rev 2. (EDIT - we do have 101.07381. What we don't have is 101.07380). We don't have a manual for the 07381 (should read 07380) but most parts are the same. The main cosmetic differences are the change gear guard, motor switch, and compound assembly. This is a "flat" parts list. Also download the illustrated parts list for the 101.07383. A lot of the part numbers are newer but most parts still look the same and are in the same place.