Interesting idea, but I wondered if you'd end up with a big mass of sintered graphite inside........
What about turning this inside-out.......once you machine off the degree scale, drill a number of radial holes along the edge. In the holes put your brushes. Then get/find/make a (copper?) ring that sits on the outside perimeter of the disk, and mount it to the threaded hole with a bolt that connect to the welder ground. This ring could be bent round from a narrow strip.
This may make it easy to have multiple brushes to share the current (though their size is limited by the plate thickness), and they would be (at least partially) protected from spatter and grinding grit.
Other thoughts:
-you may need to experiment to find the best materials.....could you use just steel ball bearings as brushes?
-could the brush be a small spring and a tight "slip fit" copper rod, with a rounded outer end.
-I think I saw some bb-gun BB's with a copper coating, but I can't say how thick.....
Is there room inside the housing for the brushes? They could run on the back of the output plate.
-brino